Intraocular Pressure Basics: What You Need to Know

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside your eye. Think of it like the air in a tire – too low or too high can cause problems. Normal IOP usually sits between 10 and 21 mmHg. If it climbs above that, the risk of glaucoma goes up, and if it drops too low, you might get vision blur or even eye damage.

How Doctors Measure Eye Pressure

The most common method is tonometry. A quick puff of air or a tiny probe gently touches the eye’s surface to get a reading. The test takes just a minute and doesn’t hurt. Some eye doctors also use a handheld device that measures pressure through a small probe placed on the cornea. Both give a reliable number that tells if your IOP is in the safe zone.

Regular eye exams are the best way to keep tabs on IOP. If you have a family history of glaucoma, diabetes, or are over 40, ask your optometrist to check it every year. Early detection can stop damage before it’s permanent.

Things That Can Change Your Eye Pressure

Several everyday factors can push IOP up or down. Caffeine, stress, and certain meds (like steroids) often raise pressure. On the flip side, staying active, drinking plenty of water, and eating a balanced diet can help keep it steady.

If you’re a contact‑lens wearer, make sure the lenses fit well. Poor fit can increase pressure temporarily. Also, avoid head‑down yoga poses or heavy lifting right after eye surgery, as they can spike IOP.

Simple Ways to Keep IOP in Check

1. Stay active. Walking, cycling, or swimming improves blood flow to the eyes and helps maintain normal pressure.

2. Watch your caffeine. Limit coffee, tea, and energy drinks to one or two cups a day.

3. Eat eye‑friendly foods. Leafy greens, oranges, and fish rich in omega‑3 support eye health.

4. Follow medication advice. If your doctor prescribes eye drops, use them exactly as directed. Skipping doses can let pressure climb.

5. Manage stress. Deep breathing, meditation, or short breaks throughout the day lower overall body pressure, including the eyes.

Remember, a single high reading doesn’t mean you have glaucoma, but it’s a signal to watch closely. Keep a log of any symptoms like peripheral vision loss, eye pain, or halos around lights, and share them with your eye doctor.

Bottom line: Intraocular pressure is a simple number with big meaning. Regular checks, a healthy lifestyle, and following your doctor’s plan keep it in the safe range, protecting your vision for years to come.